4.27 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR BULK LIQUIDS, BULK INGREDIENTS
AND BULK EDIBLE FATS HANDLING AND STORAGE EQUIPMENT
4.27.1 Specific Design Requirements for Returnable Drums, Portable
Tanks, Truck Tanks, Railroad Car and Storage Tanks for Liquid Ingredients
4.27.1.1 Drums with a removable head shall be sealed by an effective
locking device, and shall be tamper-resistant.
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4.27.1.2 Openings for reusable drums shall be void of internal
threads and the closures for these openings shall be of materials
conforming to the provisions of Section 3.1.
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4.27.1.3 Gaskets required for closure of drum openings shall be
single service.
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4.27.1.4 Tanks should be constructed of corrosion-resistant material
or shall have a protective coating on product zone surfaces. Tanks
of mild steel shall have a protective coating on product zone surfaces
when ingredients may cause corrosion.
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4.27.1.5 Storage tanks, truck tanks, and railroad car tanks shall
be of welded construction.
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4.27.1.6 There shall be no bracings, baffles, or heating coils
inside the tank unless made of stainless steel and wash down design.
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4.27.1.7 Tanks shall be completely drainable, and constructed
to prevent buckle or sag.
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4.27.1.8 Tanks shall be provided with an emptying port or discharge
valve located to permit complete drainage. The valve or port shall
be capped with a fitting, which complies with the requirements
of Section 3.1. This port/valve shall be close-coupled and located
below the lowest point in the tank.
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4.27.1.9 Port or valves shall be of material and of internal design
conforming to the provisions of Section 3.1, and shall be completely
drainable and accessible.
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4.27.1.10 All openings to the product zone, except air vents,
including air connections and outlet valves, shall be sealed or
provided with readily removable dust-tight closures or covers which
will prevent entry of foreign material.
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4.27.1.11 Access openings shall be provided for all tank compartments.
Such openings shall be not less than 18 inches (460mm) in diameter,
or not less than 15 inches by 20 inches (380mm by 500mm) if oval,
and shall have external rims raised not less than 1 inch (25mm).
Covers without raised internal reinforcing shall be provided, and
shall be hinged and equipped with a quick-opening device. Any angular
depression in the rim or cover shall be self-draining to the outside.
Access openings shall not be encumbered by the installation of
screen holders or fittings for any accessory, which would interfere
with accessibility. If the covers are of the swing-in type, they
shall also swing outside and be readily accessible.
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4.27.2 Specific Design Requirements for Piping and Hose
for Liquid Products
4.27.2.1 Discharge piping and unloading hoses shall be fabricated
from materials which are non-toxic, non-absorbent, corrosion-resistant
and smooth, and shall not affect or be affected by product and/or
ordinary cleaning compounds. All surfaces shall be accessible.
Unloading hoses shall have a 3- inch (75mm) minimum diameter and
shall not exceed 10 feet (3 meters) in length. Multiple sections
may be used.
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4.27.2.2 Unloading hose couplings shall be of corrosion-resistant
material and shall be of the threadless clamp-type or other sanitary-type
fitting.
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4.27.2.3 Unloading hose shall have the ends closed when not in
use, and shall be stored in an enclosed space which is readily
accessible and completely drainable. This enclosure shall be open
at both ends for cleaning and inspection. These openings shall
be equipped with readily removable dust-tight covers.
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4.27.2.4 Piping from single or multiple compartment tanks shall
be installed with take-apart or threadless flange connections,
to and from pump, valves or other accessories.
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4.27.2.5 Pipe connections shall be welded into place and ground
flush on the interior, and shall contain no internal threads.
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4.27.2.6 Distribution piping should be designed so that it may
be continuously filled with the product, and shall comply with
Sections 3.1 and 3.2
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4.27.2.7 Piping shall be designed and arranged so that no traps,
pockets, laterals or take-offs are formed which may retain the
product or cleaning compounds.
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4.27.2.8 Pipe runs shall be provided with wash-out openings so
located as to permit effective cleaning, unless pipe runs are part
of the C.I.P. cleaning system.
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4.27.2.9 The emptying outlet shall be located at the lowest point
in the piping system so that the system may be completely drained.
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4.27.2.10 Clean-in-place systems shall conform to Section 2.7.
Equipment disassembly procedures shall be provided by manufacturer
for the clean-in-place and clean-out of-place equipment.
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4.27.2.11 Tank filling pipes shall be provided with locking-type
caps and the pipes and caps shall be made of corrosion-resistant
material.
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4.27.2.12 Pressure control tanks shall not be used.
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4.27.2.13 Piping running through walls, ceilings or floors shall
be installed so that all joints are located at least 12 inches
(300mm) from the surface opening through which it runs.
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4.27.2.14 Slip-on flanges shall be welded at the neck and at the
flange surface, then finished to provide a smooth surface.
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4.27.2.15 Screwed flanges shall have the pipe thread extend through
the flange and then finished flush with the flange surface.
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4.27.2.16 Welded joints shall have weld penetration through the
joint wall so that there will be no crack or crevice at the interior
of the joint. The interior of the joint shall be smooth.
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4.27.2.17 Mechanical joints with or without gaskets shall be so
designed and constructed that the joint will form a flush interior.
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4.27.2.18 Piping which connects the terminal valve to the point
of use shall be readily removable, and constructed of corrosion-resistant
material.
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4.27.3 Specific Design Requirements for Agitators and
Shafts
4.27.3.1 Agitators permanently mounted through a bridge are not
required to be removable if they do not interfere with drainage
from the tank and are accessible. Drip protection shall be provided
to prevent lubrication from entering the product zone.
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4.27.3.2 Agitator motors should be equipped with permanently
lubricated bearings. Where lubrication is required, the design
and construction shall be such that lubrication cannot leak, drip,
or be forced into the product zone.
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4.27.4 Specific Design Requirements for Pumps
4.27.4.1 All product zone surfaces shall meet the requirements
of Section 3.1.12 except those angles which are required for proper
mechanical functioning , provided those angles are not less than
1/32 inch (0.8mm) radius and are cleanable.
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4.27.4.2 Pressure relief valves used with pumps shall vent to
the atmosphere or back to the pump suction.
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4.27.4.3 Wing nuts or similar quick-opening devices should be
used.
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4.27.4.4 Pump ports shall be accessible.
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4.27.4.5 Pumps shall be completely drainable when face plate is
removed.
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4.27.5 Specific Design Requirements for Accessory Equipment
4.27.5.1 Protective devices, such as strainers, filters, check
valves and pressure control valves shall be accessible.
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4.27.5.2 Thermometer or control openings in the cover or bridge
to which connections are not permanently attached, shall be flanged
upward at least 4 inches (10mm). All sanitary pipelines entering
through cover or bridge shall be fitted with a sanitary umbrella
deflector that overlaps edges of openings through cover. Thermometer
connections shall conform to Section 4.27.2.5
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4.27.5.3 The product zone surfaces of heat exchangers shall be
accessible.
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4.27.5.4 Meters shall conform to the requirements of Section 4.26.
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